FACIAL FRACTURES AND BLOOD PARAMETERS AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF PESHAWAR

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this research was to examine the occurrence of facial fractures, their main causes, and the concentrations of calcium and vitamin D in the population of Peshawar.

Methodology: This Prospective analytical study was conducted from April 2024 to March 2025 by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) department of Peshawar Dental College (PDC), Peshawar. A total of 90 participants were selected for the study based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Patients' data were collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested Performa. Blood samples of six milliliters were obtained from each patient. The concentrations of calcium and vitamin D were as- sessed utilizing established laboratory methods. Fundamental statistical techniques were utilized to analyze the data.

Results: The gender ratio in the current study was 2:1. Individuals under 40 had a higher frequency of facial fractures (63%). Among fractures, single-bone fractures were the most common, found in 68.9% of subjects, followed by multiple fractures (20%) and associated fractures (11.1%).

The nasal bone sustained the highest number of fractures (48.3 %), followed by the mandible (46.7 %), zygoma (30.0%), frontal bone (21.7 %), and maxilla (18.3 %). The primary cause of facial fractures was road traffic accidents, accounting for 58 cases, followed by falls, which resulted in 43 cases. Animal attacks were the least frequent cause, with 09 cases reported.

A calcium level ranging from 7.7 mg/dl to 10.6 mg/dl was identified. The vitamin D level was below the normal range in 64% of females and 42% of males. The occupations, academic credentials, and body mass indices did not affect the outcomes (p >0.05).

Conclusion: Blood calcium and vitamin D levels should be monitored regularly. Enforcing stringent safety regulations while driving and providing safer workplace facilities could help reduce the issue. Further investigation with larger groups from diverse communities is essential to confirm the results.