Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal

EDITORIAL

Ahmad Iqbal — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENT EVALUATION THROUGH ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION MEASURE (AIM) TOOL

Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Objective: To evaluate the awareness of undergraduate dental students about the assessment environment at their institution.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2023 at Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore and consisted of first, second and third year undergraduate dental students. Data was collected through census sampling using a pretested, reliable and valid questionnaire. Three domains of “The Assessment Implementation Measure” (AIM tool) on a 4 point Likert scale was utilized. The data collected was analyzed by using statistical software SPSS -20.

Results: Majority (72.57%, 70.06%, and 70.74%) students agreed with the Institutional assessment policies, methods used for assessment and purpose of assessment of IOD, CMH LMC, Lahore. Highest score was given to the item, ‘The criteria of student progression to next class are clearly documented’ (79.7%) with mean score of 2.32±0.81 from Assessment Policies subscale. The lowest rated item was from Assessment Methods subscale i.e. ‘An appropriate weightage was given to knowledge, skills and attitude domains in assessments’ (64.4%) with mean score of 2.05±0.81. The median score about assessment awareness of undergraduate dental students came to be 45.95 (71.21%)

Conclusion: It is concluded that majority of students expressed their satisfaction with the institutional assessment environment at IOD, CMH LMC, Lahore.

LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY BLOOD PARAMETERS FOLLOWING THIRD MOLAR SURGERY IN PATIENTS VISITING AN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY DEPARTMENT

Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Objectives: Third molar surgery is the most common procedure done by oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeons. The C-reactive protein levels (CRP); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and total leukocyte count (TLC) were examined in patients who underwent impacted third molar surgery. The pain and swelling before and after surgery were also assessed.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the OMF Surgery unit of Peshawar Dental College (PDC), Peshawar between September 2023 and March 2024. A total of 100 subjects based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. Standard laboratory procedures were used to measure CRP, ESR, and TLC in the blood samples. Basic Statistical Methods were applied to analyze the data.

Results: The CRP level significantly increased and peaked 48 hours after surgery (P < 0.001). The ESR level showed an upward trend after the operation with a peak level on the seventh day (P < 0.001). Whereas the TLC did not increase significantly with the third molar surgery (p = 0.075). The preoperative CRP levels showed a positive correlation with post-operative CRP levels (p < 0.05) and symptoms of discomfort (pain and swelling). The different ages, genders, and types/locations of the impacted third molars did not affect the inflammatory blood parameters.

Conclusions: CRP and ESR were found to be better indicators of inflammation and infection in comparison to TLC, pain, and swelling. As the serum CRP achieved its peak level at a faster rate hence was found to be the best marker for detecting postoperative infections.

CAUSES OF REMOVAL OF IMPACTED MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR IN PATIENTS VISITING PESHAWAR DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, PESHAWAR

Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Objective: To determine the primary reasons for the removal of impacted mandibular third molars

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar using Non-probability consecutive sampling technique on 131 participants. Patients aged 15 and above, Pakistani nationals of both genders, with impacted mandibular third molars, and who consented to participate were included. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and clinical records, with informed consent obtained from each participant. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test.

Results: The study included 131 participants, with a mean age of 31.90±10.67 years. Pericoronitis was the most common reason for extraction, accounting for 35.11% of cases, followed by caries (25.95%) and chronic periodontitis (10.69%). Gender-based analysis revealed no significant differences in the frequency of caries, chronic periodontitis, cysts, tooth fracture, periapical pathology, or tumors between males and females. However, a higher proportion of males exhibited external resorption of the adjacent tooth compared to females (15.49% vs. 3.33%).

Conclusion: Pericoronitis was the primary reason for extracting impacted mandibular third molars, followed by caries and chronic periodontitis. Other reasons included external resorption, periapical pathology, cysts, tumors, and tooth fracture.

ASSOCIATION OF NUMBER OF MISSING TEETH WITH BODY MASS INDEX AMONG PARTIAL OR COMPLETE EDENTULOUS PATIENTS

Nafees Iqbal, Anum Farooq, Safa Nawaz, Uzma Khalil, Naveed Iqbal, Awais Khan — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Objective: To determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and number of missing teeth remaining unreplaced during a period of at least last 2 years.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Bacha khan Medical College Mardan on 113 patients by consecutive, non-probability sampling technique. The study included adult individuals of both genders (age range: 20-80 years) who had lost a minimum of 10 teeth and had not received any replacements for a minimum period of 2 years. Patients with diabetes mellitus and those who had been smoking for the last one year were excluded from the study. A detailed history and oral examination, including inspection, were performed. Additionally, height and weight measurements were recorded to calculate the body mass index (BMI). The association between missing teeth and obesity was assessed using the chi- square test.

Results: Males were 66.4% and females were 33.6%. The mean age was 63.22±7.40 years. The most common BMI class observed was normal weight (43.36%), followed by overweight (33.62%) and obese (23.01%). The relationship between age and BMI classes was not significant (P>0.05). Females were more obese than males (P<0.001). BMI classes has no statistical association with the number and pattern of missing teeth (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Most partial edentulous participants had normal weight. Age did not significantly impact BMI distribution. A higher proportion of females were obese compared to males, but no significant relationship was found between obesity frequency and the number of missing teeth.

THE PERCEPTION OF GOLDEN PROPORTION OF TEETH BY LAYPERSON PRESENTING AT OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PESHAWAR

Gulalai Jan, Shahab Adil, Ghazala, Shama Gul, Zarwis Akbar, Nimra Mahmud — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate how laypersons perceive the golden proportion in dental aesthetics.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Peshawar Dental College after the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Simple sample randomization was used to choose pairs of young adults (n = 40) who had completed orthodontic therapy but not yet received orthodontic treatment based on age and gender. ImageJ software was used to measure the maxillary anterior teeth's golden proportion. The Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) was a layperson-designed questionnaire that assessed dental aesthetic concerns. Using Student's t-test, the data were compared. We used the Mann-Whitney test to assess the OASIS scores. Logistic regression was used to examine relationships. α= 5% was used for all statistical calculations.

Results: The mesiodistal widths of the maxillary central incisors and canines were not assessed to have a golden ratio in either group (p0.05).

Conclusion: In individuals receiving orthodontic treatment, whose self-perception of oral beauty is higher, the central incisor perceived width is closer to the golden proportion.

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Ahmad Iqbal — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500

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PUBLICATION ETHICS AND PUBLICATION MALPRACTICE STATEMENT

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Ahmad Iqbal — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0500